A Geological Wonder Created 30 to 40 Million Years Ago
The folded strata at Phoenix Fold are thought to have formed approximately 30 to 40 million years ago. At that time, the area was located beneath a deep ocean. Sand and mud gradually accumulated on the seafloor, eventually forming layers known as the Muro Group.
Later, a major geological process known as subduction occurred, in which an oceanic plate moved beneath a continental plate. The enormous pressure generated by this movement compressed and deformed the layers of sedimentary rock on the seafloor.
Normally, solid rock tends to crack when subjected to enormous pressure. At Phoenix Fold, however, the sandstone layers had not yet completely hardened when the powerful forces acted upon them. Because the sediments were still relatively soft, they bent rather than breaking, creating the spectacular folds visible today.
The strata are also broadly inverted, providing a striking illustration of the tremendous energy generated deep within the Earth. The undulating layers resemble a gigantic rolled cake or the patterns of tree rings, creating an otherworldly landscape that is difficult to imagine without seeing it in person.
These formations are a remarkable example of natural artistry created over tens of millions of years—on a scale far beyond anything humans could create.
The Origin of the Name “Phoenix Fold”
The unusual name “Phoenix Fold” is said to have several possible origins.
One theory relates to the nearby place name Amadori, which later came to be written using the Japanese characters meaning “heavenly bird.” According to this theory, a geologist translated the name as “Phoenix” when introducing the site to an international audience.
Another theory suggests that the enormous folded formation itself resembles a phoenix resting with its wings folded. When viewed from the sea, the formation can also appear like a giant bird spreading its wings, making the name particularly fitting for this mysterious coastal landscape.
A Photogenic Coastal Landscape
The coastline around Phoenix Fold is dotted with numerous unusual rocks and reefs. Some formations look surprisingly like sofas, while others display intricate natural patterns carved into the rock. Together, these formations create a landscape that can feel almost like another world.
The contrast between the blue ocean, folded layers of rock, and rugged coastal cliffs makes the area especially attractive for photography. The appearance of the landscape changes throughout the day depending on the light and weather.
In the late afternoon, the warm light of the setting sun illuminates the rock surfaces and brings out the patterns in the folded strata, creating a particularly atmospheric scene.
Visitors Must Be Accompanied by a Local Guide
Because Phoenix Fold remains a largely natural coastal environment, visitors need to take particular care when exploring the site. Reaching the formation involves descending a steep cliff path, and some sections of the rocky coast can be slippery and challenging to navigate.
In some places, the terrain requires movements similar to light rock climbing. For this reason, visitors are required to be accompanied by a guide who has completed the training provided by Susami Town.
Visitors should make a reservation in advance through the local tourism organization or an authorized guide service and join an organized tour. During the tour, knowledgeable guides explain how the strata were formed and the geological history of the region, allowing visitors to appreciate the site on a much deeper level.
Participants are also advised to wear work gloves, sturdy athletic shoes, and a helmet. Access may be restricted depending on the tide and weather conditions. In particular, during high tide or when waves are strong, it may not be possible to reach viewpoints from which the entire fold can be seen.
Checking conditions and access arrangements in advance is therefore essential for a safe and enjoyable visit.
Nearby Highlight: Kuroshima
Near Phoenix Fold is another interesting geosite known as Kuroshima. Consisting of an offshore island and a coastal area called Kuroshima, the site is also recognized as one of the Eight Scenic Views of Susami.
Near low tide, visitors may witness an unusual natural phenomenon in which waves approaching from opposite directions collide with one another. This spectacle is known as “Meoto-nami,” or “Husband-and-Wife Waves,” and is also sometimes called “Gassho-nami,” or “Clasped-Hands Waves.”
The sight of the waves meeting in the sea creates a mysterious and memorable landscape. Kuroshima is only a few minutes by car from Phoenix Fold, making it easy to visit both locations during the same trip.
Experience the Earth’s History Up Close
Phoenix Fold is much more than a scenic tourist attraction. It is a spectacular natural record of the Earth’s geological history.
The layers that accumulated quietly on the seafloor millions of years ago were later transformed by the enormous forces generated by plate movements. Seeing these strata folded dramatically along the coast provides a powerful reminder of just how dynamic our planet is.
For geology enthusiasts, Phoenix Fold offers a rare opportunity to observe geological processes preserved in the landscape. For other visitors, its dramatic scenery and mysterious formations provide an unforgettable encounter with the power of nature.
When visiting Susami Town, consider joining a guided tour and experiencing Phoenix Fold up close. Standing beside these enormous folded layers and learning how they were created over tens of millions of years is a unique way to connect with the deep history of the Earth.